![]() ![]() (By functioning as a sentence adverb-with a comma, "sadly" expresses that it was sad that she looked at her enemy and smiled. She looked at her enemy and smiled, sadly. (By functioning as a regular adverb-with no comma, "sadly" describes how she smiled.) She looked at her enemy and smiled sadly. Some sentence adverbs can also be used as regular adverbs. ![]() ![]() These attacks have become regrettably common. The situation has been sadly described by the victims of violence. In such a situation, we do not normally use commas. Is it better to divorce or stay unhappily married?Ī regular adverb modifies a single word ( "married" in the example above) and not an entire sentence. Instead of describing a whole sentence or clause, you can use " sadly", " unfortunately", " regrettably", or " unhappily" to modify a single word. Avoid Commas When Functioning as Regular Adverbs Recommended: When to add a comma before or after the adverbs "fortunately", "happily", "luckily", "thankfully", etc. They have not been able to find the missing child, sadly. In the end position, sentence adverbs should be preceded by a comma and followed by a period. The rescue team, unhappily, has not been able to find the missing mountaineers.įarmers , regrettably, need to deal with many problems, including soil erosion and biodiversity loss. They can also be placed, surrounded by commas, in the middle of a sentence. Sadly, the quirks I used to adored in my husband when we first met are now just plain annoying. Sentence adverbs reveal the attitude, opinion, or emotion of the speaker, writer, or thinker through a word choice. Unfortunately, our team didn't win the game. They modify (describe) a complete sentence or clause-not a single word. Sentence adverbs are different from regular adverbs. Regrettably we must inform you that the flight is delayed several hours. Regrettably, we must inform you that the flight is delayed several hours. Use Commas When Functioning as Sentence AdverbsĪt the start of a sentence, the sentence adverbs " sadly", " unfortunately", " regrettably", and " unhappily" must be followed by a comma. Avoid Commas When Functioning as Regular Adverbsġ. Virginia Woolf turned mercifully into a sentence adverb in To the Lighthouse (1927): Mercifully, he turned. Jane Austen also used luckily, in Mansfield Park in 1814: Luckily the strength of the piece did not depend upon him. Use Commas When Functioning as Sentence Adverbs Charles Darwin wrote in a letter in 1847, Oddly, I was never at all staggered by this theory until now. ![]()
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